Air pollution, worst affected regions/cities of the world, its reasons and preventions (November 2024):

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What is air pollution?

When any physical, chemical, or biological material mixes with the natural atmosphere and harms nature and humans, it is called air pollution.

If any one or more pollutants like dust, fumes, gas, odor, smoke, or vapor contaminate the atmosphere for a certain period or quantity. It is harmful to human health and is called air pollution. 

Smog is a type of air pollution containing smoke, fog, and other pollutants that reduce visibility.

Air pollution may be in any form: solid, liquid, or gas. 

It may be man-made or natural.  

Natural air pollution is generally produced by natural processes like the eruption of volcanoes, or abnormal processes like the combustion of fossil fuels, etc.

Man-made air pollution is produced due to various productions and waste.

It is a silent killer and is on the rise due to urbanization and industrial growth.


Reasons or sources of man-made air pollution:

There are various reasons or sources of air pollution, however, some are listed below:

Combustible engine-operated household devices.

Industrial pollution:

Fossil fuel-based industries.

Farming and Agricultural process

Waste management process

Cooking and heating methods

Power generation

Automobile pollution:

Petrol and diesel-operated motor vehicles (road, sea, and air transport).



What are pollutants?

Various physical, chemical, and biological agents are responsible for air pollution. Such agents are called pollutants which are harmful to nature and human health.

Some of the pollutants are listed below:

Particulate Matter (PM)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Ozone (O3)

Nitrozen Dioxide (NO2)

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Lead (Pb)

Ammonia (NH3)

Benzene (C6H6)

Arsenic (As)

Nickel (Ni)


Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) or Particulate matter (PM):

Exposure to this pollutant has a strong negative impact on the health.

Especially fine particles called SPM2.5 (diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 micrometers) can easily penetrate blood cells and impact various body parts.

The major components of PM are listed below:

Nitrates

Ammonia

Sodium Chloride

Black and elemental carbon

Mineral dust

water

Sulfates

Ultrafine particles

Particles from dust and storm


Black carbon (sooty particles) are fine pollutant particles (SPM2.5 = diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers) emitted from the inefficient combustion of fossil fuels.

Methane is also emitted as a pollutant gas from inefficient stove combustion.

These are powerful Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs).

Carbon Monoxide (CO):

It is a tasteless, odorless, colorless toxic gas which is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel like:

Wood

Petrol

Diesel

Charcoal

Natural gas

Kerosene

Ozone (O3):

It is different from the Ozone layer in the upper atmosphere.

It is produced in the atmosphere near the ground due to a reaction with gases in sunlight.

It is one of the major parts of photochemical smog.

Nitrozen Dioxide (NO2):

Industries and transport systems mostly produce this gas during the combustion of fuel. 

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2):

It is a colorless gas with a pungent, sharp, suffocating, and irritating odor like a burnt match.

It is produced during the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and oil.

It is also produced when a mineral ore containing sulfur is heated beyond its melting point (called the smelting process)  to extract the metal or its simple compound.  


What are the diseases caused by air pollution?

Outdoor (Ambient)  and indoor (household) air pollution causes various diseases especially those related to the respiratory system.

Air pollution mainly enters our body through the respiratory tract, negatively impacts various body parts like the lungs, heart, brain, etc., and causes various diseases.

Diseases caused by air pollution are one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality.

Some of the diseases caused by air pollution are listed below:

Ischemic heart disease (cardiovascular)

Lung cancer

Lower Respiratory Infection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, Bronchitis, etc.

Gastrointestinal diseases

Neurological disorder (stroke)

Liver problems

Kidney problems

Skin diseases


Measurement of pollution level:

Pollution level is measured with the Air Quality Index (AQI) and divided into various slabs and color codes. It is explained below:

AQI

Pollution level, its color, and advisory

0-50

Good

(green color)

Advisory: None

51 - 100

Moderate

(yellow color)

Advisory: Sensitive individuals should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.

101 - 150

Unhealthy for sensitive groups

(orange color)

Advisory: Children, physically active, and people suffering from respiratory problems should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.

151 - 200

Unhealthy

(red color)

Advisory: Children, physically active, and people suffering from respiratory problems should avoid outdoor exertion. Other persons should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.

201 - 300

Very unhealthy

(purple color)

Advisory: Children, physically active and people suffering from respiratory problems should avoid outdoor exertion. Other persons should limit outdoor exertion.

>300

Hazardous

(maroon color)

Advisory: Everyone should avoid all physical activity outdoors.


Pollution  or Air Quality Index (AQI)  in the most polluted cities of the world:

City

Pollution level (AQI) 

Delhi (India)

224

Note: Post Diwali festival (31/10/2024), AQI in some suburbs of  Delhi NCR crossed the level of 900.

Bejing (China)

179

Lahore (Pakistan)

176

Dhaka (Bangladesh)

163

Wuhan (China)

160

Tashkent (Uzbekistan)

159

Kinshasha

(Democratic Republic of Congo)

158

Kathmandu

154

Tehran (Iran)

145

Kolkata (India)

143

Mumbai (India)

126

Shanghai (China)

119

Belgrade (Serbia)

118

Baghdad (Iraq) 

113

Sarajevo ( Bosnia hargegovina) 

112

Note- AQI  level is different for each day, time, specific period, peak traffic hour, night hour, specific season, specific area, etc. The above data is an average or indicative only.


Air Quality Index (AQI) for the cleanest major cities in the world:

City

AQI level in the first week of November 2024.

Kyiv ( Ukraine)

6

San Francisco (USA)

7

Aukland (New Zealand)

10

Osaka (Japan)

11

Kyoto (Japan)

11

Kobe (Japan)

11

Tokyo (Japan)

11

Toronto (Canada)

12

Rome (Italy) 

15

Sydney (Australia)

15

Vancouver (Canada)

16

Washington D.C. (USA)

18

Madrid (Spain)

19

Canberra (Australia)

20

Seattle (USA)

20

Astana (Kazakstan)

21

Montreal (Canada)

21

New York City (USA)

21

Portland (USA)

21

Kabul (Afghanistan)

22

Adis Ababa (Ethiopia)

22

Moscow (Russia)

22

Nairobi (Kenya)

22

Oslo (Norway)

23

Melbourne (Australia)

24

Salt Lake City (USA)

24

Helsinki (Finland)

25

Rotterdam (Netherlands)

27

Krakow (Polland)

28

Stockholm (Sweden)

28

Warsa (Polland)

28

Berlin (Germany)

28

London (UK)

29

Amsterdam (Netherlands)

34

Wroclaw (Polland)

36

Denver (USA)

36

Prague (Chek Republic)

37

Chicago (USA)

37

Birmingham (UK)

38

Lisbon (Portugal)

38

Doha (Katar)

39

Dakar (Senegal)

39

Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)

39

Lyon (France)

40

Johannesburg (South Africa)

42

Detroit (USA)

49

Minneapolis (USA)

49

Munich (Germany)

51


Post Diwali (2024) AQI of the worst polluted cities including suburbs of Delhi NCR in India: 

The Diwali festival was celebrated in India on 31/10/2024. Due to the bursting of large-scale firecrackers and burning of paddy crop waste in Punjab, Haryana, and western UP state, the highest AQI level of 911 was recorded in Vaishali.

Below is a list of some cities and suburbs of Delhi-NCR that have been worst hit by air pollution. The date and timing of the data recorded may vary.

The below data are collected or provided by  https://www.aqi.in, and 

https://www.livemint.com.

City

AQI

Vaishali (Ghaziabad, Delhi NCR)

911

Ghaziabad

893

Karkarduma (Delhi)

806

Noida -124

743

Nodia (sector-10)

673

Paschim Vihar (Delhi)

658

Shalimar Bagh (Delhi)

551

Lajpatnagar (Delhi)

593

Sonepat

567

Saket (Delhi)

528

Hauz Khas (Delhi)

481

Karnal

471

Gurugram (sector-51)

456

Gurgram (sector- 44)

439

Moradabad 

421

Rampur

412

Sambhal

411

Pilibhit, Budaun, Bareilly, and Shahjahanpur

410

Gurgram (secor-108)

407

Faridabad

407

Ambala

405



Some of the Indian cities with the best AQI on 21 October 2024: 

City/town

AQI

Madurai (Tamilnadu)

22

Chikkaballapur (Karnatka)

25

Ooty (Tamilnadu)

25

Madekeri (Karnataka)

28

Gadag (Karnataka)

28

Kalaburagi (Karnatka)

28

Palkalaiperur (Tamilnadu)

29

Thanjavur (Tamilnadu)

29

Nagaon (Assam)

30

Belgaum (Karnataka)

30

Udipi (Karnataka)

30


Factsheet about air pollution in the world:

As per the WHO report, 99% of the global

population inhales polluted air.

Poor countries are suffering from the

highest exposure to highly polluted air.

Smoke inside houses and smog over the cities pose a great threat to our health and the earth’s climate.

Annually nearly 7 million premature deaths are observed due to air pollution.

Out of these 7 million premature deaths, roughly  4 million deaths are caused by outdoor (ambient) pollution.

Roughly 89% of premature deaths are found in poor countries of  Southeast Asia and the western Pacific regions.

It is a serious problem for children's health also.

Air pollution is the second highest risk factor for non-communicable diseases.

Household (indoor) air pollution contributes significantly to outdoor (ambient) pollution.


Data regarding household (Indoor) air pollution:

In the world, more than 2 Billion people (roughly one-third of the global population) are exposed to indoor (household) air pollution due to the use of open fires, kerosene-based inefficient stoves, biomass fuel ( wood, cow dung, crop waste, etc.), and coal. It is mostly used in poor countries, especially in rural areas.


As per the estimate, in 2021, worldwide roughly 49% rural population and 14% urban population were using polluting fuels in houses.

The region of sub-Sahara Africa requires special attention because roughly 923 million populations do not have access to clean fuel for household use as per one of the estimates in 2022.

As per the estimate, 3.2 million people (including 237000 children under 5 years old)  died worldwide in 2020 due to household pollution.  The majority of deaths belong to women living in poor countries, especially in rural areas.


The composition of 3.2 million deaths may be subdivided based on different diseases caused due to household air pollution. Such estimated data are given below:

Ischemic heart disease:

Roughly 1 million deaths (32% of 3.2 million).

Stroke:

Roughly 0.74 million deaths (23% of 3.2 million)

Lower Respiratory Infection (LRI):

Roughly 0.67 million deaths (21% of 3.2 million).

Many children die due to pneumonia caused by LRI.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):

Roughly 0.6 million deaths (19% of 3.2 million)

Lung Cancer:

Roughly 0.2 million deaths (6% of 3.2 million)


Prevention of air pollution:

The Global Ecosystem, Earth's climate, and Air pollution are linked.

Reducing air pollution will decrease various health problems, especially respiratory diseases, and help maintain a healthy earth’s climate. Various options are available to prevent or reduce the air pollution. 

Most of the outdoor pollution is beyond the control of individuals. 

It should be resolved or reduced by the policymakers of nations, and regions, especially in related sectors like energy production, transport, waste management, agriculture, urban planning, etc.

Some of the ideas to reduce the air pollution in the related sectors are summarized below:

Industry management:

Use of clean technology to reduce smoke emissions.

Efficient management for urban and agricultural waste.

Capturing of Methane gas emissions from waste sites instead of use as biogas (incineration).

Pollution-free or low-pollution transport system:

  • It can be achieved by adopting and increasing:

  • Clean modes of power generation.

  • The network of rapid urban transit systems.

  • The network of safe and separate paths for pedestrians and cyclists. We should encourage the same also.

  • The interurban rail network for freight and passenger travel.

  • The usage of low-emission vehicles and low sulfur content fuel in the place of diesel or petrol-driven vehicles.

Energy-efficient urban infrastructure:

Sustainable land use.

Energy-efficient housing and construction, industries, power generation, etc. by planning green cities, energy-efficient buildings, etc.

Agricultural and solid waste management:

We can do better by:

  • Reducing the waste products.

  • Segregating of different types of waste.

  • Recycling and reusing of waste products.

  • Adoption of improved, efficient, low-emission, easy, affordable alternative methods of traditional waste management.

Health care management:

  • By improving the technology, and methodical procedures, we can reduce the waste and harmful radiation emitted by healthcare activities.

  • Improved preventive measures are needed to neutralize air pollution produced by such waste and radiation.

By increasing the usage of Non-conventional sources of energy:

Instead of fossil-based energy, we should encourage the usage of alternative sources of energy like solar power, wind power, hydropower, etc.

Household energy:

Clean household energy for cooking, heating, and lighting should be affordable and easily available.

Worldwide more than 2 billion people are still using traditional solid and open-fire fuels like wood, cow dung, crop waste, coal, charcoal, kerosens, and inefficient stoves.

To reduce household (indoor) pollution and protect health, the use of clean fuel and technologies needs to expand. Some clean fuel options are given below:

Solar energy

Electricity

Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Pipeline Natural Gas (PNG)

Alcohol-based fuel

Biogas stove with reduced emission.


Individual-level preventive measures to reduce air pollution:

 We are using various means of lighting, cooking, heating, transport, and miscellaneous appliances that emit air pollution. Individually we can reduce air pollution by the following steps:

Use public transport, carpool, and electric vehicles instead of a fossil fuel-driven personal car as often as possible.

Proper maintenance of the personal car. Certainly, it will reduce air pollution. 

Turn off the engine of the vehicle when the car is static. 

Don't burn the garbage, dry leaves, wood, coal, backyard fire, bonfire, or fossil fuels. Adopt the alternative methods.

Don't cut trees, instead plant new trees. Trees purify the air.

Limit the consumption of fossil fuel-based energy.


WHO (World Health Organization) plan to reduce the air pollution:

WHO has proposed the following interim targets to reduce the pollutant level of different components.

Recommended AQG  level is also shown in the last row of each element:

PM2.5 (Diameter size is less than or equal to 2.5-micron):

They are called fine particles. We can guess this size by comparing it with our hair diameter which is around 100 micrometers (microns). It means 40 such fine particles may be accommodated on the tip of a hair.

Target

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in annual averaging time:

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in 24-hour averaging time:

1

35

75

2

25

50

3

15

37.5

4

10

25

Recommended  AQG level

5

15

As per WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG), to achieve the first target if we reduce the PM2.5 concentration to the level of  35 micrograms per cubic meter in a year,  roughly 300000 global deaths may be averted annually.  


PM10

(Diameter size is less than or equal to 10-micron):

Target

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in annual averaging time:


Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in 24-hour averaging time:

1

70

150

2

50

100

3

30

75

4

20

50

Recommended

AQG level

15

45


Ozone (O3):

Target

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in peak season averaging time:

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in 8 hours averaging time:

1

100

160

2

70

120

3

-

-

4

-

-

Recommended

AQG level

60

100


Nitrozen Dioxide (NO2):

Target

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in annual averaging time:


Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in 24-hour averaging time:

1

40

120

2

30

50

3

20

-

4

-

-

Recommended

AQG level

10

25


Sulfur Dioxide (SO2):

Target

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in annual averaging time:

Pollution level in micrograms per cubic meter in 24-hour averaging time:

1

-

125

2

-

50

3

-

-

4

-

-

Recommended  AQG level

-

40


Carbon Monooxide (CO):

Target

Pollution level in milligrams (mg) per cubic meter in annual averaging time:

Pollution level in milligrams (mg) per cubic meter in 24 hours averaging time:

1

-

7

2

-

-

3

-

-

4

-

-

Recommended AQG level

-

4 milligrams per cubic meter

Note: Some data may be more than 5 years old.


Air purifiers :

Air purifiers help reduce air pollution and are very useful for indoor uses to maintain healthy air inside the houses/rooms.

Air purifiers for rooms:

Their capacity is limited to a room. Some of the brands/models of  air purifiers for rooms are listed below:

Coway Airmega AP-1512HH Mighty:

Price on Amazon:

US$ 195 (white color)

US$210 (black color)

Price on Walmart:

US$168 (white color)

US$229 (black color)

Coway Airmega 100 Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon:

US$107 & US$130 (for different models)

Price at Coway

US$117 & US$130 (for different models)

Coway Airmega 200M:

Price on Amazon:

US$197(white color)

US$229 (black color)

Price on Walmart:

US$197 (white color)

US$ 197 (black color)

Coway Airmega 150:

Price: US$190

Winix 4-Stage True HEPA Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US $261 

Winix 5500-2:

Price on Amazon:

US$155 

Price on Walmart:

US$200 

Price on Wayfair:

US$146

BLUEAIR Blue 411i Max Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon:

US$137 & US$170 (for different models)

Price at Blueair:

US$136 & US$170 (for different models)

Blueair Blue Pure 311i Max:

Price on Amazon:

US$183

Price on Home Depot:

US$230

Blueair DustMagnet 5440i

Kenmore 850e Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US$80

Levoit Core 300S Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US$150

Levoit Vital 200S:

Price on Amazon:

US$190

Price on Best Buy:

US$200

Blueair Blue Pure 211i Max:

Price on Amazon:

US$245

Price on Best Buy:

US$245

Price on Home Depot:

US$350

Briiv Air Filter:

Price: US$373 at Briiv

Price: US$360 at Goop

Blueair Blue Pure 511:

Price on Amazon:

US$100

Bissell Myair Pro Purifier:

Price: US$173 at Amazon

Molekule Air Mini+:

Price: US$ 350 approximately.

Clorox Smart Air Purifier:

Price for different models at Amazon:

US$110 & US$120

Germ Guardian 4-in-1 Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US$180

Austin Air HealthMate HM400:

This air purifier is good for the filtration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC).

Hathaspace Smart True HEPA Air Purifier

Medify Air MA-10 Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US$49


Air Purification for a large space or whole home:

If we already have a centralized HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) with MERV13  or higher grade filters in the home, we can supplement it by using the following air filters to clean the indoor air:

Note: MERV 13 stands for Minimum Reporting Efficiency Value 13 which is standard to trap the pollutant particles.

Woosh smart air filter system

Lennox PureAir

PureAir S


Some other models for large space:

Molekule Air Pro Purifier:

Price for different models:

US$ 832 & US$1000 at Amazon

US$ 1015 at Molekule

Levoit Core 400S Smart True HEPA Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US$ 220

Levoit's Core 600S

Coway Airmega 250 Smart Air Purifier:

Price: US$279 at Amazon & Coway

(Price varies and is indicative only)

Coway Airmega 400S Smart Air Purifier:

Price at Amazon: US$599

Medify MA-112:

Suitable for public places to reduce cigarette smoke.

Honeywell HPA204 HEPA Air Purifier for Large Rooms:

Price at Amazon:

US$ 170 $ 220 (for different models)

Dyson Purifier Hot+Cool Air Purifier, Heater, and Fan:

Prices for different models:

US$700 & US$750 at Amazon

US$750 at Dyson

Dyson Purifier Humidify+Cool Formaldehyde:

Price: US$999 at Amazon

(price varies due to different modes and discounts on e-commerce platforms like Amazon, Wayfair, Dyson, etc.

Dyson Purifier Cool Purifying Fan:

Discounted price at Amazon: US$450

Rabbit Air A3 Ultra Quiet Air Purifier:

Price: US$750 at Amazon

Price: US$770 at Rabbit Air


Final words:  

The USA, Europe, and most of the developed countries do not face air pollution problems due to well-planned government policies, strict guidelines, literacy, awareness, available technology, resources, and financial capability.  

Most of the poor, undeveloped, developing, densely populated countries are facing the air pollution problem due to a lack of well-planned government policies, strict guidelines, literacy, awareness, resources, financial capability, etc.

Air pollution poses serious health hazards to nature and humans. 

The global population is suffering from various diseases especially related to the Respiratory system due to air pollution. 

Millions of people die and suffer every year due to diseases caused by air pollution.

Long-term and well-planned government policies must be implemented to control outdoor (ambient) air pollution. 

Individual and Government-level efforts are needed to control indoor pollution.

In case of need, air purifiers can be used to control air pollution. 


Disclaimer:

With the help of self-knowledge, following, and similar websites, the best efforts are made to provide you with updated and authentic information through this blog. However, the author does not take any responsibility (legal or otherwise) for its correctness and completeness. In case of any doubt, please contact us or cross-check from reliable sources.

Prices of different models given in the blog are subject to change frequently. The author of the blog is not responsible for any difference in the actual price as of the date.

This blog is not AI-generated and typed manually, therefore any typographical error is regretted.

https://www.google.com

https://www.who.int

https://www.metropolisindia.com

https://www.iqair.com

https://www.condorchem.com

https://www.pca.state.mn.us

https://www.sciencedirect.com

https://www.livemint.com

https://www.thehindu.com

https://www.nytimes.com

https://www.bhg.com

https://www.architecturaldigest.com

https://www.airnow.gov

https://www.epa.gov

https://www.lung.org

https://indianexpress.com

Take precautions and remain healthy.

==The End==




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  Worldwide counting of  Nuclear Weapons: Before counting the nuclear weapons, we will try to understand the meaning of Nuclear weapons, Strategic Nuclear Weapons (SNWs), and Tactical Nuclear weapons (TNWs). What are Nuclear weapons? They are made from enriched radioactive materials. Due to nuclear reactions (fission and/or fusion), nuclear weapons are capable of killing millions of people instantly and have long-lasting devastating impacts on humanity and the environment. No other weapons can have such devastating effects. Nuclear weapons are explosive devices and after detonating release a large amount of energy in the form of heat, shock waves, shuttering effects, and radiation. The released energy is measured in Kilotons (1000 tons of TNT) or megatons (1,000,000 tons of TNT). Tri Nitro Toluene (TNT) is an explosive material that is mentioned here for reference. These nuclear weapons are also called atom bombs, A-bombs, Nuclear bombs, nuclear warheads, or nukes. Modern nucl...
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Starlink - Worldwide high-speed internet services through satellite (November 2024):

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  Starlink, its basic theory, and interesting facts: Starlink satellite constellation is placed in low earth orbit. Starlink satellite communication network is designed, owned, and run by SpaceX, a company founded in 2002. Its owner is Elon Musk. SpaceX is involved in providing upgraded commercial spaceflight.  SpaceX stands for Space Exploration Technologies Corporation. Its headquarters is located at SpaceX Starbase near Brownville Texas in the U.S. SpaceX is capable of building up to 40 satellites in a week. SpaceX has shown its capacity by launching 240 satellites in a month. Contrary to other modes (optical fiber, cable, or wireless), Starlink provides internet communication through satellites in low-earth orbits. Low Earth Orbit  (LEO) satellites provide low latency and increased internet speed compared to Geostationary satellites, which are at around 36000 km altitude. SpaceX is an expert in space missions. It has already launched very low-altitude (<350 ...
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Green card for USA, its benefits, and high demand (November 2024):

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  (USA):  How to get a green card? First, know about the differences between VISA, Green Card, and U.S.citizenship: Visa: A visa is required to enter the USA, either to visit for a specific purpose and a fixed period or to reside there permanently. It is applied through the US embassy or Consulate and must be issued before travel. There are two types of Visa as under: Non-immigrant visa: It allows one to travel to the USA and stay there for specific purposes like education, work, business, and official duty for a fixed period. The holder can not live permanently in the USA. It is a temporary document. A green card can not be issued based on a non-immigrant visa. Immigrant visa: It allows one to travel to the USA and reside there permanently. The process to get this visa is complicated. Usually, it is sponsored by a family member or someone else. It is the first step to getting a green card. Green card (Permanent Resident Card): A green card is a physical card and an ID ...
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Intraday Trading in Indian Stock Market. A beginner guide to book the profit.

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Intraday trading: There are 03 types of trading in the Indian stock market: Long term, Short term and Intraday trading. In my previous blogs, I have covered the following topics on the stock market: Blog topic Published Date (2024) Start trading in the Indian stock market and see a significant return on your investment from day one. 26 January, 2024 (2024) Beginner guide for trading in the US stock market and earn money online from day one. 10 April, 2024 What is the annual return (2023-24) of Nifty 50 stocks,  and how can we make a good profit now in the stock market of 2024-25? 05 May, 2024 Before we move further, First of all, we will try to understand the different types of trading i.e Long term, Short term, and Intraday Trading as below: Long-term trading (Investment) This type of investment is safe if invested with the knowledge of the company. It is invested for a few months to a few years. Such investments are done for long-term targets like higher education,...
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Laptop computers with AI features. Purchase the best one ?

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Introduction: Mostly we are using smartphones, laptops and desktop computers for our communication. All these devices have their importance as per need. Smartphones are pocket size devices and they are useful for voice, Social media communication,  light work and emergency use. Desktop computers are useful for static position communication like office and home. They can not be moved on a daily basis and are not useful for  traveling work. Laptop computers are in between the smartphone and Desktop computers. They are movable as well as  static. Very useful for communication for work from home , office, study,  traveling, heavy duty round the clock job.  Therefore,  students, businessmen, professionals, travelers  or  others need the laptop computers. Now the question arises to select the best laptop computer for purchase.  Here we will describe the various important factors, specifications, brands, models of laptop computers and it will...
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